Mathlib
Atlas
Analysis and topology
Pathway XIV
ℂ
Complex analysis
i as a quarter-turn, multiplication as rotate-and-scale, Euler's identity, poles.
01
What i is
The number i is a quarter-turn. Multiplying by i twice is −1.
4 min
02
Multiply by rotating
To multiply complex numbers: multiply lengths, add angles.
5 min
03
Euler's formula
e^{iθ} walks the unit circle. At π it lands on −1.
5 min
04
Poles and meromorphic functions
A meromorphic function is holomorphic except for isolated poles — infinities of finite order.
5 min
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